Heinrich Obersteiner (November 13, 1847 - November 19, 1922) was an Austrian neurologist born in Vienna.
In 1870 earned his doctorate from the University of Vienna, where he worked in the laboratory of Ernst Wilhelm von Brücke (1819-1892). Obersteiner was a professor of pathology and anatomy of the nervous system at the University of Vienna. He was also director of a private mental institution at Oberdöbling, outside of Vienna. He did extensive work as a psychiatrist and published articles on several subjects including hypnosis. In 1882 he established an internationally known neurological institute in Vienna.
The eponymous Obersteiner-Redlich line is named after him, along with Emil Redlich (1866-1930). This zone is where the central nervous system and peripheral nervous system meet, as well as the place where Schwann cells meet oligodendroglia cells.